Harry Norris (1888-1966) was Melbourne’s greatest inter-war architect. Visit his stunning Art Deco and Moderne gems such as Deva and Carlow Houses, Block Court, Nicholas and Majorca Buildings, G.J. Coles (David Jones), ANZ Bank, Mitchell House, Curtin House, Block Court and more. Discover the fascinating people and businesses who occupy these beautiful buildings today.
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Harry Norris was one of the most influential architects from the Art Deco era in Victoria. His designs incorporated a range of styles including Moderne, Functionalist, and Spanish Mission. He was also one of the most prolific commercial architects between 1920 and 1930. His works were often inspired by his regular overseas trips to observe architectural trends, particularly annual visits to the United States, from 1928 to 1941. His style developed and transformed continually as a consequence, In 1929 George James Coles sent him to Europe and America to study trends in designing chain stores. He returned to complete the design of the new Coles store (now David Jones) in Bourke Street, Melbourne. Elected an associate of RVIA in 1946. Norris was highly regarded ‘despite being ostracized by some in the architecture profession because he exposed some corrupt practices relating to tendering prices.
NORRIS BUILDINGS IN THE CBD
Nicholas Building, 27-41 Swanston Street, Melbourne, 1927
Majorca Building, 258-260 Flinders Lane, 1928-1930
Carlow House, 34-36 Elizabeth Street
Carlow House, 289 Flinders Lane, Melbourne, Vic 3000
Block Court, 288 – 292 Collins Street, 1929
G.J.Coles Stores, 299-307 Bourke Street, Melbourne, 1928 – 1930
Deva House, 327 Bourke Street, Melbourne, 1924
Curtin House formerly Tattersall’s Club (originally 252) 248 Swanston Street, Melbourne, 1922
Mitchell House, 352 – 362 Lonsdale Street (cnr Elizabeth), Melbourne, 1936
Nicholas Hall, 148 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, 1940
ANZ Bank, 224-236 Queen Street (cnr Lonsdale), 1958
Melford Motors Showroom, 615 Elizabeth Street (cnr Queensberry), North Melbourne, 1937
Mitchelll House, Lonsdale St., Melbourne (1936)
OTHER NORRIS BUILDINGS!
Kellow Falkiner Showrooms (Kellow Houses), 375-379 St.Kilda Road, SY, 1929
Burnham Beeches, Sherbrooke Road, Sassafras, 1934
Mission to Seamen, 1 Beach Road, Port Melbourne, 1937 (demolished)
Former Capitol Bakeries, 625 Chapel Street, 1937
Northern Bakery (later Tip Top), 170 Edward Street, East Brunswick, 1940
Coles Store, Ivanhoe, 115-117 Upper Heidelberg Road, Ivanhoe, 1940
Ivanhoe Grammar School, The Ridgeway, Ivanhoe, 1954
Fowlers Vacola Manufacturing Factory, Power Street, Hawthorn, 1955
Ensign Dry Cleaning (former), 24 Leinster Grove, Northcote, 1959
Northcote Town Hall and Lobby, 197 – 201 High Street, Northcote, 1930
Burnham Beeches”, Sherbrooke (1930-33)
Strathalbyn, Sassafras
COLES STORES
Norris designed commercial, industrial and domestic buildings. Many commissions were from the Coles and the Nicholas family. The Coles brothers employed Norris to construct, design or or re-model their stores in Victoria, NSW and South Australia. In 1929, they sent him to the USA to study the design of retail stores and many of the ideas gained were incorporated into his Australian designs.
132-172 Smith Street, Collingwood (1914). Burnham Beeches, the Nicholas domestic home at Sherbrooke is one of Australia’s greatest Moderne houses.
Bourke Street (1928, with extension (1938-40)
Prahran (1940)
Acland St., St. Kilda (1938)
Benalla (1938)
Sale (1938)
Wangaratta (1938)
Forbes NSW (1938)
Castlereagh St., Sydney (1933)
Camberwell (1933)
Brunswick (1933)
Puckle St., Moonee Ponds (1935)
Adelaide (1940)
KEY BUILDINGS
Nicholas Building
Address: 27-41 Swanston Street Date of construction: 1925-26, 1939-40 (extension) Client: Alfred Nicholas, G.J. Coles (extension) The Nicholas Building is the most distinctive commercial palazzo in Melbourne. The building has many classical and Greek revival elements such as large columns, balconies, wide cornice, marble stairs and tiled corridors. The facade is clad with terracotta faience. The cathedral arcade is located on the ground floor and its glazed leadlight barrel vaulted ceiling is a main feature of the building. The Nicholas Building was originally used as offices and currently accommodates many art studios. Melbourne’s last glazed leadlight barrel-vaulted ceiling.
The Nicholas Building: A User’s Manual by Ben Eltham
The Nicholas Building was designed in the 1920s by Harry Norris, perhaps Melbourne’s most important interwar architect. Built for the pharmaceutical magnates Alfred and George Nicholas, it opened in 1926. George Nicholas was a small-time pharmacist in Windsor who had made his fortune with the help of his brother in the First World War, after winning the right to produce aspirin for the Australian Government. The patent for salicylic acid, previously held by the German firm Bayer, had been suspended by then Attorney General Billy Hughes in 1915; the Nicholas brothers won the lucrative contract with the help of entrepreneur Henry Woolf Shmith. With the fighting on the Gallipoli peninsula extracting a frightful toll, the need for aspirin was urgent, and the Nicholas family earned huge revenues, despite incurring heavy debts. After the war, the Nicholases expanded their pharmaceutical business to Asia and England, made huge profits, and became important philanthropists. Their legacy lives on: you can still buy aspirin in Australia under their old trade-name, Aspro Clear.
When the Nicholases decided to build new premises on the corner of Flinders Lane and Swanston Street, they engaged Norris, an architect who would go on to design Alfred’s country house in the Dandenongs, Burnham Beaches. The new building on Swanston Street would include a retail arcade, as well as offices and studio space on the upper floors. Rumour has it that the basement and first floors were to house a laboratory for the Nicholas business; however, as the building’s entry in the Victorian heritage database notes, ‘It does not appear that the Nicholas company ever occupied the building, rather it was built as a speculative office building development.’
A frequent traveller, Norris had been much influenced by the architectural styles he encountered on a trip to California in 1920. The Nicholas Building design is a prominent example of Melbourne’s inter-war style, with a Doric colonnade sitting above giant Ionic pilasters, and clad in a terracotta tiling that its manufacturer Wunderlich called Granitex. According to Christie Petsinis, a Melbourne architect and urban designer, ‘the terracotta cladding used on the building was revolutionary at the time, it was the largest example of terracotta ever used in Australia’.
Block Court, Address: 288-292 Collins Street
Date of construction: 1929 Client: Benjamin Fink Harry Norris’ Block Court was a remodelling project where the shopping arcade was introduced to the ground floor to connect Collins Street with the Block arcade. The building was originally the Athenaeum Club built in 1890. Block Court is significantly Art Deco displaying characteristic features like zigzag copper shop window frames, stained glass, terrazzo flooring and elaborate ceiling decoration with stepped geometric shapes and floral motifs. Block Court was a significant contribution to the emerging trend of shopping arcades in Melbourne.
G.J. Coles Building
David Jones Store(Former G. J. Coles Store), Melbourne
Address: 298-304 Bourke Street Date of construction: 1928, 1938-40 (extension), [1984 Bates Smart McCutcheon (conversion to David Jones)] Client: G.J. Coles Builder: Clements Langford Pty. Ltd. Engineer: Mr. Clive S.Steele The building is noted for its extensive use of colorful jazz moderne detailing in its mauve terracotta facade which is represented in a commercial gothic moderne style. It was the first major Chicago-inspired Commercial Gothic building in Victoria and is one of the more colorful interwar buildings in Melbourne.
Curtin House 252 Swanston Street,
Rooftop café, rooftop cinema, Metropolis Bookstore, Early century lifts, The Rooftop Bar Cookie, The Rooftop Cinema
Curtin House was far from the most auspicious address in town when Tim Peach bought it seven years ago. Swanston Walk was still the domain of two-dollar shops, red-light cinemas and tawdry cafeterias, its night-life largely confined to Lounge across the road. The six-storey building at 252 Swanston Street, renamed after John Curtin, the Labor Prime Minister who saw the nation through the second half of World War II, looked as though it had been in a war of its own. But Peach saw potential beyond the smashed leadlighting, ripped-up parquetry and atmosphere of “a dark cave”. He and his partners paid several million dollars for the renovator’s delight in 2000, marking the start of the latest cycle in its already varied history. Now home to bar/restaurant Cookie and the Rooftop Cinema, the latest unveiling at Curtin House came last night with the opening of The Toff in Town, a late-night bar/live music venue on the second floor co-owned by Camillo Ippoliti, owner of Cookie and Chapel Street’s Revolver. It’s an opulent space featuring brass, leather and marble fittings, secret doors, a cabaret-style music area reminiscent of the defunct, much lamented Continental in Prahran, and private railway carriage-like booths with sliding doors. Architect Phillip Schemnitz says the historical layers of the building infuse its latest venture. The stylistic influences of The Toff go back to the mid-19th century when the stretch of Swanston Street between Bourke and Lonsdale hovered on the edge of the city’s red-light and gambling district. “The booths, the choice of dark colouring, are reminiscent of that illicit atmosphere,” says Schemnitz, who has been overseeing the building for eight months.
Built in 1922, Curtin House – originally the Tattersalls Building – housed a gentleman’s club The Melbourne Supper Club on the first floor for the first eight years of its life. Later it became the headquarters of the Communist Party. Jill and Jeff Sparrow’s book Radical Melbourne: A Secret History recalls that the staircase was the scene of a battle between 150 off-duty servicemen and a small but determined bunch of communists defending their turf in February 1940. Several months later, only minutes after federal cabinet’s decision to outlaw the Communist Party, the building was raided by police, who seized two truckloads of books. After decades of neglect, in the 1980s Curtin House became home to an artistic intelligentsia including opera wunderkind Barrie Kosky and Chunky Move dance company’s artistic director Gideon Obarzanek. The following decade, however, saw it slide into virtual dereliction. “The guy we bought it off had owned it for 15 years and hadn’t told his wife,” says Peach. “Being a good Catholic, he didn’t want to tell his wife because it housed the Barrel Cinema (a sex cinema) on the ground floor. So it was massively under-tenanted and just going to the dogs.”
Mitchell House
Address: 325-362 Lonsdale Street, at the junction of Elizabeth Street and Lonsdale Street. Date of construction: 1936
This significant example of the Moderne style of design from the 1930’s remains remarkably intact and contributes significantly to the aesthetics of a major Melbourne intersection.
Mitchell House is a 6-storey office block designed by renowned architect Harry Norris for brush manufacturers Thomas Mitchell & Company. The building was actually designed to be 10-storeys high with the second story to be constructed at a later stage, but it was never built. The building consists of broad horizontal forms with glazed windows in between. prominent pediment on the Elizabeth Street side of the building has gold lettering which reads “Mitchell House”. The shop fronts and cantilever balcony are original and remain intact and the foyer space still retains its original décor.
Mitchell House Address: 325-362 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne Date of construction: 1936 Mitchel house is located at the junction of Elizabeth Street and Lonsdale Street. The building distinctively reflects the architecture language of a European modern architecture of the 1920s and 30s with its clean horizontal glass and plain wall surfaces, broken by a contrasting vertical stairwell element.
– See more at: http://www.adonline.id.au/buildings/mitchell-house/#sthash.T4vb3LPl.dpuf
SOURCES AND REFERENCES
http://www.walkingmelbourne.com/search.html?architects=Harry+Norris
http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/167689002?redirectedFrom=12133872&q&versionId=182777171
http://www.adonline.id.au/buildings/mitchell-house/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deva_House
http://www.onmydoorstep.com.au/heritage-listing/2828/david-jones-store-former-coles
http://www.onmydoorstep.com.au/heritage-listing/2764/nicholas-building
http://www.onmydoorstep.com.au/heritage-listing/773/wesley-church-complex
http://www.walkingmelbourne.com/building479_carlow-house.html
BOOK REFERENCES ON MELBOURNE ARCHITECTURE
A City Lost and Found, Whelan The Wrecker’s Melbourne, Robyn Annear, Black Inc. 2005.
Melbourne The Biography of a City, W.H. Newnham, F.W. Chesire, 1956..
A Guide to Melbourne Architecture by Philip Goad Watermark Press.
A Pictorial Guide to Australian Architecture, Styles and terms from 1788 to the present by Richard Appleby, Robert Irving. Peter Reynolds, Angus and Robertson.
Walking Melbourne, A National Trust guide to the historic and architectural landmarks of central Melbourne by Rohan Storey.
Early Melbourne Architecture. 1840-1888, A Photographic Record, Oxford University Press first published 1953. 3rd edition 1975.
Melbourne: The City’s History and Development Lewis, Miles, City of Melbourne, 1995
150 Years of Australian Architecture, Philip Goad, ‘Bates Smart: Fishermans Bend, 2004.
A Short History of Melbourne Architecture, Philip Goad, Pesaro Publishing, 2002.
Characters: Cultural Stories Revealed Through Typography by Stephen Banham 2011.
The Place for a Village. How nature has shaped the city of Melbourne. Gary Presland.
Melbourne Remade. Seamus O’Hanlon. The Inner city Since the 1970s. Arcade Publications 2010.
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